NOT function , AND and NAND gates  OR and NOR gates  Antivalence ( XOR ) and equivalence ( XNOR )  Half adders  Full adders  Subtracting circuits  Code conversion  RS - NOR ip - ops  Clocked RS - ip - ops  Static D ip - ops  Dynamic D ip - ops  JK ip - ops  JK master - slave ip – ops  Flip - op applications  Display of binary numbers on LEDs and LED displays  Asynchronous 4- bit counter  Synchronous counter  Decimal counter  Counters for special codes  Divider circuits  Registers  Shift registers  Serial data exchange  Parallel data exchange